Selected Cmds
Archive
Files/Dirs
Background a Job
Cancel a Fg Job
Copy File
Concat Files
Edit with XEMACS
Edit with PICO
Foreground a Job
Help
List Files
List Jobs
List Processes
Logout
Kill a Job
Move Filename
Move Files to
Dir
Move Directory
No Hang Up Job
Page Display
Password Change
Redirect Cmd1
to Cmd2
Redirect to File
Remove Files
Rename File
Set
Suspend Fg
Introduction
The following is a summary list of selected UNIX cmds.
In a cmd format, the items in "[]"s are optional and are also selected
(not exhaustive for a give cmd); the same holds for items in "{}'s except
that they are not optional: at least one item is required, one item only
if the "{}" item list ends with "or", one or more if items represented
by a name that ends with "(s)". A "files" notation stands for filename
or wild card filename. Finally, there are frequently more than one application
of a cmd than indicated.
| Cmd-Name | Format | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Archive Files/Dirs
|
tar {ctx} [v]f tarfile files/dirs
Note: tar= "tape archive" for times when tapes were in. |
Arhives/Extracts files/directories to/from a tar file; " |
| Background a Job
|
{bg %n or cmd&} | "bg %n" puts suspended job "n" in background ("n" defaults to currently suspended); "n"= job's list no. in []'s displayed via "jobs" cmd. "cmd&" puts "cmd" job in background when "cmd" executed. |
| Cancel Fg Job | Ctrl-c | Cancels (kills) current foreground job. |
| Copy File | cp [-i] f1 f2 | Copies file "f1" to "f2" if "f2" not write protected. "-i" asks if ok should "f2" exists while not write prot. |
| Concat Files
|
cat filelist | Concatenates and displays without paging all files specified in "filelist" (list of filenames and/or wildcard names); popularly redirected with ">" to a single file (e.g., "cat my.dat my2.dat > allmy.dat" puts files "my.dat "&" my2.dat" in file "allmy.dat". |
| Edit with XEMACS
|
xemacs file | Edits "file" with X-Windows EMACS editor. "Ctrl-x Ctrl-c" = exit, with opt to save; "Esc ? ? Ctrl-h" = help summary; "Esc ? t" = tutorial; must be in X-Windows mode. |
| Edit with PICO
|
pico file | Edits "file" with PICO, the "PINE" mailer editor. Ctrl-g gets help; major cmds & their keys listed at screens bottom; X-Windows mode not required. |
| Foreground a
Job
|
fg %n | Puts job "n" (suspended or backgrounded) in foreground; "n"= job's list no. in []'s displayed via "jobs" cmd. |
| Help
|
man {cmd, language} | "man" displays help for a "cmd" or "language", where "cmd" = a Stats's cmd name (like "ls") and language = a programming language name (like "f77" for Fortran). |
| List Files
|
ls [-la] files | Lists names of "files" (default, all but hidden files). "-l" long lists "files" with extra info (prot. codes, dates, etc.); "-a" lists all "files" including hidden files (those that begin with a "." period (like " .profile"). Examples:. "ls *.dat" lists name of all files ending in ".dat". |
| List Jobs
|
jobs | Lists suspended and background jobs; integer in []'s identifies job for foregrounding, suspending, & killing. |
| List Processes
|
ps [-l] | Lists all user's processes: suspended jobs, background jobs, this "ps" cmd job, and other processes such as the UNIX login process; "-l" includes extra info such as time. |
| Logout ) | logout or exit or Ctrl-d | Logs out of a Stats login session (no msgs; just goes dead.) |
| Kill a Job
|
kill %n | Kills job "n" ("n" = job no. in "jobs" cmd display). |
| Move Filename
|
mv [-fi] old new | Moves (renames) filename "old" to "new". If "new" exits, "-f" forces move while "-i" asks if ok to move. |
| Move Files to
Dir
|
mv [-fi] files dr | Moves "files" to directory "dr"; "-f" forces move over existing write protected file; "-i" asks if ok. |
| Move Directory
|
mv dr1 dr2 | Moves (renames) directory "dr1" to "dr2" if "dr2" non exists; else moves "dr1" to subdirectory of "dr2". |
| No Hang Up a Job |
nohup cmd & | Runs "cmd" job in the backup, continuing after log out until completion. |
| Page Display
|
more file | Displays file "file" in pages; ENTER scrolls a line, SPACE scrolls a page; "MORE %" display prompts scroll. |
| Password Change
|
passwd [-s] | Changes login password; "-s" displays password info. |
| Redirect Cmd1
to Cmd2 |
cmd1 | cmd2 | Redirects (pipes) "cmd1" output to "cmd2" input (e.g., "ls -l" | more" pipes the "ls -l" long filename list to the "more" cmd, which displays the list in pages.) |
| Redirect to File
|
cmd {> or >>} fi | Redirects "cmd" output from terminal to file "fi". ">" stores over existing "fi"; ">>" appends to existing "fi"; redirection fails if "fi" write protected (e.g., "ls > fl" sends filename list to file "fl"; "ls >> fl" adds list to file "fl"; neither works if "fi" write protected.) |
| Remove Files
|
rm [-i] files | Removes all "files". Asks if ok when "-i" used or file write protected. |
| Rename File
--see Move Filename above |
||
| Set
|
set | Displays all set variables (e.g., var HOME="/home/user-id/" -- home dir). |
| Suspend Fg
|
Ctrl-z | Suspends foreground job (resume with "fg" or "bg" cmds). |